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Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa

by Yukichi Fukuzawa , Eiichi Kiyooka (Translator)

3.92 of 5 stars 3.92 · rating details · 252 ratings · 18 reviews

Here is the autobiography of a remarkable man. Yukichi Fukuzawa's life covered the 66 years between 1835 and 1901, a period which comprised greater and more extraordinary changes than any other in the history of Japan. In his country's swift transformation from an isolated feudal state to a full-fledged member of the modern world, Fukuzawa played a leading role: he was the ...more

Paperback , 407 pages

Published March 1st 1980 by Columbia University Press (first published 1899)

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Nov 15, 2014 Hadrian rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Shelves: biography-memoir , japan , nonfiction

Yukichi Fukuzawa is one of the most recognizable historical figures in modern Japan. Why do I say this with such authority? Well, his face is on the 10,000 yen bank note.

So now the question is: what did Fukuzawa do to get his face on some currency? He was a writer of about fifty books, a journalist, a political commentator, a world traveler, and a dabbler in science. What most made his name, however, is his advocacy of adapting Western methods of government and technology so that Japan would survive its contact with European nations.

His early life was marked by a stubborn independence and determination to study the new and 'Western' methods. He grew to scorn the old Chinese books and methods, and hunts down any new thing he can find. When he goes to school to learn Dutch (the only Western language taught at the time), he spends time watching the medical students trying out their new medicine manuals by dissecting a pig, he 'stole' books by copying them, and got a tad drunk with the other students. He eventually learned to speak English, although that was more difficult as no English-Japanese dictionaries yet existed.

In 1860, he had improved so much that he was assigned to the Japanese legation to the United States. He is dazzled by the full experiences of America - photography, railroads, meeting the president, even American dancing - but he also makes sure to purchase a copy of Webster's Dictionary.

In 1862, he was attached to a minor post in the first Japanese embassy to Europe. That was another journey through England, France, Prussia, and Russia. He enjoyed the first three, but the trip to Russia was hampered by a nasty territorial dispute over Sakhalin Island.

When he returns home to Japan, he finds the time to help found one of Japan's major universities, and sits back and tries to avoid chaos as the military shogunate which has ruled Japan in some form or another for centuries begins to unravel. He keeps quiet, nods and hides his fear as he hears people chant hymns about death to foreigners.

In the end, however, he survives the chaos and finds time to write more books, including this one. Fukuzawa held no high office or post, yet played one of the most central roles in the modernization of Japan through the papers and school he founded and the books he wrote. It is his perception of the West which he gathered and transmitted to the people of Japan, and that has survived him.

Fukuzawa was very much 'ahead of his time', but still a product of his time. When he sees some Hawaiian natives, he heaps scorn on them for being uncivilized. Most of his ethic of radical individualism is apparently influenced by contemporary ideas of social Darwinism and the ethics of competition which was the background for market liberalism.

The charm of this memoir is in how much Fukuzawa was able to experience, and how much he was able to share with others. His life in college with other members of this new esoteric 'Western science' is a story of young scamps on the verge of discovery, and his travel narratives are also charming. The book does drag near the end as Fukuzawa talks about his health and why he doesn't wear flannel pajamas, but his life is interesting enough on the whole that most of the chapters are worth reading. Likewise, the ending essay adds a vital context to his life and work. ...more

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May 18, 2013 linhtalinhtinh added it · review of another edition

Recommended to linhtalinhtinh by: Chi Pham

Shelves: non-fic

Tôi được bạn giới thiệu cho cuốn sách này từ hè năm 2012, sau khi đã đọc một cuốn sách giáo khoa về lịch sử Đông Á. Tôi cũng lười nên dần dứ mãi. Với cả khi ấy tôi chắc mẩm chắc chỉ có bản tiếng Anh để đọc. Mà đọc sách về châu Á dưới cái tiếng phương Tây nhiều lúc tôi cũng cáu. Vậy nên để đó.

Thế rồi may sao tôi phát hiện ra cuốn sách đã được dịch ra tiếng Việt, với tiêu đề mà có đánh tôi cũng không biết chính là tự truyện của Fukuzawa Yukichi -Phúc Ông tự truyện. Mở cuốn sách ra mới vỡ lẽ hóa r Tôi được bạn giới thiệu cho cuốn sách này từ hè năm 2012, sau khi đã đọc một cuốn sách giáo khoa về lịch sử Đông Á. Tôi cũng lười nên dần dứ mãi. Với cả khi ấy tôi chắc mẩm chắc chỉ có bản tiếng Anh để đọc. Mà đọc sách về châu Á dưới cái tiếng phương Tây nhiều lúc tôi cũng cáu. Vậy nên để đó.

Thế rồi may sao tôi phát hiện ra cuốn sách đã được dịch ra tiếng Việt, với tiêu đề mà có đánh tôi cũng không biết chính là tự truyện của Fukuzawa Yukichi -Phúc Ông tự truyện. Mở cuốn sách ra mới vỡ lẽ hóa ra tiếng Nhật dịch ra tiếng ta nó thành như vậy. Kể ra cũng vui, tôi có biết ngô nghê vài từ tiếng Nhật nên cũng chăm chú xem cách dịch đủ các loại tên riêng rồi cười ha hả và đoán nghĩa mấy từ.

Sau khi tìm hiểu qua thì cuốn sách đã được dịch và xuất bản từ 2005 (ít nhất là dựa trên lời giới thiệu và thời gian đăng của một số trang web), vậy nhưng tới đầu năm nay mới được bán sách điện tử. May quá, chứ trước đó trên mạng chỉ có bản mẫu ba chương trích từ cuốn này.

Nói phiếm vậy chắc đủ rồi. Chuyển qua về cuốn sách này.

Cuốn sách, lẽ di nhiên, theo dấu cuộc đời nhà giáo dục Fukuzawa và dắt người đọc đi qua giai đoạn thay đổi đầy thú vị vào thế kỷ 19 của Nhật Bản mà ông đã sống. Cái hay là ở chỗ, các sự kiện, các tiến trành cải cách văn hóa, xã hội cũng như chính trị mà thường đọc trong sgk có phần khô khan và tách biệt, thì giờ, vì chúng được gắn với cuộc đời cụ thể của một con người, trở nên dễ nuốt hơn. Tuy nhiên, xin lưu ý rằng, cần phải có một số hiểu biết cơ bản nhất định về lịch sử Nhật bản mới có thể thực sự trân trọng được điều này. Nếu không các sự kiện và các nhân vật sẽ bay qua vèo vèo mà không để lại nhiều dấu ấn. Điều này có đôi khi xảy ra với tôi khi Fukuzawa bắt đầu nói về chính phủ Minh Trị mới.

Tôi mê nửa đầu của cuốn sách hơn, giai đoạn trước cải cách. Đây là thời kỳ mà giao thoa văn hóa hiện ra thật rõ ràng, giữa Nho giáo và Tây Phương học, giữa Nhật Bản và công nghệ của phương Tây. Vài phen đi Mỹ và châu Âu của Fukuzawa quả thực rất thú vị. Sự khác biệt từ những thứ cơ bản mà phải sống ở giai đoạn đó mới thấy rõ được. Tôi thực sự choáng khi ngẫm lại về sự thay đổi chóng mặt của Nhật Bản chỉ vài chục năm sau đó. Bạn tôi có đi khu di tích Meiju Mura. Tôi bèn ngồi xem lại tranh và so sánh với sự tưởng tượng của tôi hay với phác họa về Shinsengumi trong Hikaru (:-")

Fukuzawa cũng hiện lên rất con người. Ý tôi là lúc đầu tôi cho rằng tác phẩm sẽ thiên về thể hiện tư tưởng của Fukuzawa. Điều đó là dĩ nhiên, nhưng thêm vào đó có rất nhiều chi tiết riêng về tuổi thơ hay tuổi thanh niên của ông khá hay ho. Sự thành thật tới đâu thì khó nói hết, bởi suy cho cùng tự truyện là một cách tưởng tượng bản thân mà chưa chắc đã hoàn toàn đúng. Nhiều lúc tôi hơi nghi ngờ rằng không phải Fukuzawa đang cố thuyết phục người đọc, mà ông còn đang thuyết phục chính ông nữa. Tôi không hoàn toàn say mê nhà học giả, nhiều lúc không mấy tán thành, tuy vậy vẫn rất thán phục. Thi thoảng tôi thấy ông có phần ngạo mạn, nhưng không tới mức khó chịu, và xét trên những cống hiến và thành công của ông, cũng đáng.

Giọng văn và tư duy của Fukuzawa rất rõ ràng, gọn, và sáng. Tôi khá thích. Bản dịch rất trau chuốt và cẩn thận. Các thứ tiếng châu Á gần gũi nhau nhờ tiếng Tàu có khác, tôi thấy kiến trúc, logic, nghĩa câu văn rất gần gụi và dễ hiểu
...more

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Sep 10, 2015 Rosie Nguyễn rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Cho bạn mượn quyển Khuyến học và được bạn cho mượn lại quyển này. Vốn là người đọc sách chậm mà đọc chỉ trong một ngày. Vì sách tự truyện nên viết dễ đọc.

Phần đầu sách rất hay, nói về thời trẻ của Fukuzawa, tinh thần ham học cầu tiến tham vọng từ bé, tính gan lì kiên quyết vì việc học, hoạt bát quậy phá cùng bạn đồng môn, việc luyện tập khả năng tranh luận phản biện nhưng không cay cú mà mục đích để làm rõ lý luận. Vừa đọc vừa tự thấy xấu hổ vì mình đã sống gần nửa đời người rồi mà còn thua kém Cho bạn mượn quyển Khuyến học và được bạn cho mượn lại quyển này. Vốn là người đọc sách chậm mà đọc chỉ trong một ngày. Vì sách tự truyện nên viết dễ đọc.

Phần đầu sách rất hay, nói về thời trẻ của Fukuzawa, tinh thần ham học cầu tiến tham vọng từ bé, tính gan lì kiên quyết vì việc học, hoạt bát quậy phá cùng bạn đồng môn, việc luyện tập khả năng tranh luận phản biện nhưng không cay cú mà mục đích để làm rõ lý luận. Vừa đọc vừa tự thấy xấu hổ vì mình đã sống gần nửa đời người rồi mà còn thua kém quá xa.

Phần sau có khá nhiều sự kiện không hẳn gây thích thú vì có vẻ quan trọng đối với cá nhân Fukuzawa nhiều hơn là đọng lại bài học cho người đọc. Có lúc buồn ngủ và đọc lướt.

Đọc xong thấy phần nào hiểu được cá tính con người ông và học hỏi được nhiều cái: không màng chức tước danh lợi, cả đời chỉ một mục đích khai mở dân trí Nhật Bản, đem tây học đến với thanh niên, dành nhiều thời gian vào việc dịch sách và viết sách, là người ăn to nói lớn dám nghĩ dám làm, thấy chuyện chướng tai thì phản đối tranh biện liền không giấu diếm, không ngại thể hiện quan điểm của mình, rất giỏi lập luận, không quan tâm tới kinh doanh, không vướng bận chuyện tiền bạc.

Rất nhiều khi thích sách của Alpha Books nhưng cũng không ít khi ghét. Vì quá nhiều đầu sách ra nên chất lượng không đồng đều, vài quyển dịch cẩu thả và hình thức cũng cẩu thả không kém. Quyển này có vẻ dịch tốt, trôi chảy (cảm nhận cá nhân vì không biết tiếng Nhật), nhưng vẫn có chỗ sai về năm tháng và lỗi hình thức. Lỗi không nhiều. Nhưng cũng không hẳn hài lòng tuyệt đối. Sẽ cân nhắc lại việc quyển hai có nên làm với Alpha hay không. ...more

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Oct 10, 2013 Yusuf rated it 5 of 5 stars

Şu ana kadar okuduğum en güzel biyografi-otobiyografi diyebilirim. Fukuzawa, Japon tarihi açısından çok önemli bir karakter. Onun hayatı dolayımıyla Japonya'nın 1850-1900 arasında yaşadığı büyük dönüşümü görüyoruz. Bu büyük dönüşümün gündelik hayatın basitliği içinde ortaya çıkardığı örnekler çok çarpıcı. En dikkat çekici olanlarından bir tanesi mesela, Meiji yönetiminin ABD'den bir zırhlı gemi almak için yüzbinlerce doları Japonya'ya gelen bir ABD'li subaya teslim etmesi ve bu teslimatı da küçü ...more

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Apr 23, 2013 Charlie Canning rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition

A classic of autobiography rendered in clear and direct prose

In an essay entitled "The Opportunity of Japan" (1915), American sociologist Thorstein Veblen compared the rapid transformation of Japanese society during the Meiji Period (1868-1912) to the rise of Germany some years earlier: "In a measure their [Japan's] case is paralleled by that of the German people, e.g., who have recently made an analogous but less immoderate and less precipitate move out of mediaevalism into the modern system of A classic of autobiography rendered in clear and direct prose

In an essay entitled "The Opportunity of Japan" (1915), American sociologist Thorstein Veblen compared the rapid transformation of Japanese society during the Meiji Period (1868-1912) to the rise of Germany some years earlier: "In a measure their [Japan's] case is paralleled by that of the German people, e.g., who have recently made an analogous but less immoderate and less precipitate move out of mediaevalism into the modern system of industry and science ... though, herein, again, the rate and ratio of enhanced achievement on the part of the Germans fall short of the spectacular sweep of the Japanese."

And spectacular it was. At the time of Fukuzawa Yukichi's birth in Osaka in 1835, Japan was a largely feudal society beset by internal division. At the time of his death nearly seventy years later in 1901, Japan was a modern state with a centralized government, a civil service, a postal system, dual-entry accounting, universities, factories, an impressive railway network, modern shipbuilding capabilities, and a military that would soon defeat a major European power in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. No single person had any more to do with the social engineering for this miracle than writer and educator Fukuzawa Yukichi.

Born to a lower-ranked samurai family from the Kyushu, Fukuzawa began to rebel against the Confucian-based caste system from the time that he was a child. In his Autobiography, he tells us that he had inherited his antipathy to the social order from his father: "To me, indeed, the feudal system is my father's mortal enemy which I am honor-bound to destroy." Throughout his youth, he was the "nail" that resolutely refused to be pounded down: "I was always unconcerned with the way of society, and it was my inborn nature to act always in my own way." Fukuzawa's ticket out of the narrow confines of the Nakatsu clan's domain in Kyushu was the study of Dutch (Ran-go) in Nagasaki and Osaka. Later, he moved to Edo and began studying English.

For Fukuzawa, Western learning was an absolute necessity if Japan wished to avoid the fate of China. The idea was first defensive: Japan needed to modernize to protect itself from foreign incursions. Later, however, Fukuzawa urged his countrymen to take a more cosmopolitan outlook so as to become a great nation of the world: "I must take advantage of the moment to bring in more of Western civilization and revolutionize our people's ideas from the roots. Then perhaps it would not be impossible to form a great nation in this far Orient, which would stand counter to Great Britain of the West, and take an active part in the progress of the whole world."

Fukuzawa's Autobiography is a classic of the genre. In some ways, it can be compared with Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography . But Fukuzawa is decidedly less dogmatic than Franklin. Fukuzawa's tone is more like that of Charlie Chaplin. Both men tell their life stories with considerable grace and charm while managing to define the times they lived in. Like Chaplin, Fukuzawa is a masterful storyteller and the narrative moves along at a companionable pace through all of the principal events of the early Meiji era. Since Fukuzawa was both participant and observer, one would expect him to focus on his own achievements. And while he does touch on some of these (the founding of Keio University, for example), he usually follows anything that might be termed self-aggrandizement with passages that show a corresponding weakness of understanding or character. The net result is that the reader trusts and admires this man and willingly turns the page to see what is next.

Elsewhere in his writings, Fukuzawa wrote that he wanted to develop a prose style that was so clear and direct that his words could be understood by a servant woman straining to hear what was being said from the next room. In his Autobiography, dictated to a secretary and translated into English by Fukuzawa's grandson Kiyooka Eiichi, Fukuzawa has done exactly that: He has taken one of the most complex and disparate subjects (the Restoration) in Japanese history and managed to explain it so that it can be understood by a novice. This is no small achievement.

At the end of the Autobiography , Fukuzawa Yukichi looked back over a life that had been more successful than he could have ever imagined. Vindicated, honored, loved - gratified by Japan's recent victory of China in the Sino-Japanese War and - he thought - feudalism. When Fukuzawa died in 1901, he could not have foreseen what was about to happen. Japan was going to double-back on itself - to combine Western science and the extant elements of feudalism into an autocratic state (This is historian E. H. Norman's thesis in his Japan's Emergence as a Modern State and Feudal Background of Japanese Politics ).

The reason that many people believe that the key to understanding Japan today can be found in the Meiji period is that the work that Fukuzawa set himself to do as a boy in Nakatsu is still unfinished. And that is why the man on the ¥10,000 banknote has a Mona Lisa smile. ...more

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Aug 11, 2012 Nicole rated it 1 of 5 stars

This book was a really hard one for me to read. As you can see by the information I have provided, I originally started the book on October 22, 2010. I actually at one point had to put it down and leave it alone for a long time. By the time I picked it up again it was November 16, 2010 and I had to start from the beginning once more. Due to the fact I had to write a paper on this book, I really needed to finish it within four days.

There were parts of the book that I found interesting, but most o ...more

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Apr 29, 2013 Louise rated it 4 of 5 stars

Shelves: biography , japan

There are hundreds and maybe thousands of memoirs and narratives of the US Civil War. Not so Japan. This book is important due to the rarity of narratives for this unusual time in Japan.

Yukichi Fukuzawa was born the second son of a lower status samurai in a lower status clan. Being under the radar screen he was able to get approval for his studies, an approval which he connived to disguise his real passion for learning Dutch. Little did he know that his knowledge of Dutch would lead to another p There are hundreds and maybe thousands of memoirs and narratives of the US Civil War. Not so Japan. This book is important due to the rarity of narratives for this unusual time in Japan.

Yukichi Fukuzawa was born the second son of a lower status samurai in a lower status clan. Being under the radar screen he was able to get approval for his studies, an approval which he connived to disguise his real passion for learning Dutch. Little did he know that his knowledge of Dutch would lead to another passion for English which would later have such great importance.

The treaties may have been a done deal for the west, but Japan would not have maintained 200+ years of seclusion unless there were a vested interest for keeping it so. Just the knowing of foreign languages is perceived as a threat by some. Fukuzawa describes (was it 13?) years of real and imagined attempts on his life. He refers to some assassinations of those supporting relations with the world, and a chronology at the end documents even more. This schoolmaster, teaching the dreaded western ways, who could easily have been deeper in the fray, describes how he kept his head down.

The book is good. Its rarity makes it valuable, but it is not a 5 star book. Its rambling style is probably a result of its being dictated. In some areas there is a lot of detail such as text on his drinking habit. I'd rather have less of that and more description of his living quarters, the campus, the faculty or the nature of his students. Page 140 has the first mention of his wife. There is a chapter later about his family, but it is more about harmony and the achievements of his children. Interesting to me would be his courtship, family/clan customs/rituals (he apparently lives with his mother in law) and the role his wife seems to have as and adviser.

The author is at his best in his vignettes of his life and travels such as the difficulty of getting instruction and materials in Dutch and later English and stories of the Japanese delegation's trip to Paris, impressions of Hawaii (far too short), how students copied books and how students paid tuition wrapped like bento. ...more

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May 14, 2013 Donna Davis rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: not-usa-canada-or-england , reviewed , asia-asian-americans

This is not a light read by any means, but Westerners wishing to broaden their literary horizons would do well to read this selection. Fukuzawa Yukichi (backwards in Western nations) was the Japanese father of the Enlightenment, encouraging new ideas in a country kept insular for centuries. Most of Japan's modern history traces back to him, if one follows the thread. Enjoy.

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Feb 13, 2010 Nikki rated it 1 of 5 stars

This book was well phrased and an easy read. You could almost always feel as if you were right there beside Fukuzawa. Unfortunately, I can't say I wanted to be beside Fukuzawa. He was not particularly likable in my eyes. He was often selfish and arrogant. Don't get me wrong, he did great things for Japan, and he was a great man, I just didn't personally like him.

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Jun 03, 2012 Rob rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition

Fukuzawa is a fascinating man from a revolutionary period. Reading his book is like hearing your grandfather speak, in some ways. Things are fudged, exaggerated, but there are kernels of wisdom to be gained. As a historical text, worth reading. Mandatory reading for anyone interested in modern Japanese history.

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Mar 12, 2012 Meaghan rated it 5 of 5 stars

"No god no Buddha for students of Dutch." The autobiography of an outstanding man in an unbelievable time. An utterly enthralling window into the transformation of am agrarian society into a industrial first world nation in a single generation, and the struggle to save a culture while completely overhauling it.

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Apr 20, 2011 Amik rated it 5 of 5 stars

A mesmerizing autobiography that reads like watching a movie. Fukuzawa's story is enlightening in so many ways. As the educator of a new Japan, his nature to go against the grain helped propel one of the greatest modernizations in human history. This is his story.

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Jun 28, 2013 Lucas Gili rated it 5 of 5 stars

One of the best autobiogs that i've read. Rarely does such a truly influential person write a book. He changed Japan and the east permanently and was clearly a very intelligent person with ideas and ways of thinking that helped Japan become what it is today.

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Mar 03, 2011 Gigi rated it 5 of 5 stars

Shelves: 2011 , text-books

This is a simple narrative of the life of an extraordinarily talented Japanese man who was a forward thinker in his time. Easy to read and understand. I learned more of japan from this book than any other Japanese history text book I've ever read.

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Sep 23, 2012 Jason rated it 3 of 5 stars

Didn't really do this book justice, since I had to write a critical essay on it, and I didn't start the book until midnight the night before the essay was due.

But it was meh, from what I can recall.

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Jul 30, 2012 Darren rated it 4 of 5 stars

Fukuzawa was a true radical, so I didn't agree with his take on everything, but he was a very interesting character with many fascinating experiences. I highly recommend this book.

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Dec 27, 2013 Trumtrung marked it as to-read · review of another edition

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1... #

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Jul 16, 2008 Rhandi rated it 2 of 5 stars

Very slow in parts. I didn't actually finish it. Some of it is really good.

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About Yukichi Fukuzawa

Fukuzawa Yukichi (福澤諭吉) was a Japanese author, writer, teacher, translator, entrepreneur and political theorist who founded Keio University. His ideas about government and social institutions made a lasting impression on a rapidly changing Japan during the Meiji Era. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern Japan.

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Khuyến học, hay những bài học về tinh thần độc lập tự cường của người Nhật Bản

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“It is said that heaven does not create one man above or below another man. Any existing distinction between the wise and the stupid, between the rich and the poor, comes down to a matter of education.” — 2 likes

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