Publication date: 1872 Notes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes. When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there.
Nook
,
181 pages
Published
by Longmans, Green
(first published 1644)
“Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.”
I had a more coherent statement available earlier but it was deleted by accident. So I'm going to spew this out and try and fix it later after I deal with other obligations. Forgive my wandering and ungrammatical thoughts.
Goodreads has now officially apologized for deleting co
“Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.”
I had a more coherent statement available earlier but it was deleted by accident. So I'm going to spew this out and try and fix it later after I deal with other obligations. Forgive my wandering and ungrammatical thoughts.
Goodreads has now officially apologized for deleting content without notification, and has stated a new policy in which they would grant advance notice before removal of content. If they keep to it, this would be a good step. If they had done this in the first place, there would have been a lot less anguish on anyone's part.
However, I suspect that there is another reason for this new push in specifically removing negative content about authors, and it is only partially related to the "Stop the Goodreads Bullies" groups and those like them. It is possible that some authors have raised the threat of libel suits.
Now, I'm not entirely familiar with internet law on defamation, but I could make a few vague gestures towards the present situation. We do know that some authors (I will not name names) have been especially picky with reviews of their work, and would attempt to silence any criticism of the books in general. This will not work.
Any book (or online product) with only identical vague positive reviews would be suspicious. No book, not even our favorites, is universally praised. A marketing group might have gotten to the reviews page first. Forbes claims that
Amazon
has been plagued with this for a while. The continuation of a process of censoring reviews would reduce the value of Amazon as a review site for all of us - customers and business owners alike. Negative reviews on the book should stay.
Now again, I'm making another guess here - but the majority of traditionally published authors have not engaged in this questionable conduct,
although some have.
It is largely self-published authors, who have written, published, and attempted to sell books outside of the traditional publishing apparatus.
It is a tremendous effort to write, package, edit and sell books on your own, and some books which would not normally be published in their present state are being pushed onto the market before they're ready, and in some cases, the confident author thinks that they could do no wrong. When some authors receive any negative feedback, they will lash out and try and counteract it. As the recent kerfluffle over the "Stop the Goodreads Bullies" website demonstrates, this will not end well for anyone: readers, authors, nor Goodreads.
Now I am against censorship in all forms, and the very rare exceptions could be things like libel suits or threats of violence. If an author or a reviewer misbehaves, compile evidence and report it. Make screenshots. What we can and should do is to be civil and try and fight back against bad behavior by authors and 'reviewers' alike.
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In quite beautiful language, Milton argues against licensing (a process where a book had to be approved by a state official before it was published). He persuades his reader through a plethora of rhetorical strategies (hyperbole, reductio ad absurdum, morality, practicality) that people should not have their literature restricted by the state. Everything should be published, the public can judge it, and then if the public hates it and it is terrible and dangerous and bad (read: catholic lol), th
In quite beautiful language, Milton argues against licensing (a process where a book had to be approved by a state official before it was published). He persuades his reader through a plethora of rhetorical strategies (hyperbole, reductio ad absurdum, morality, practicality) that people should not have their literature restricted by the state. Everything should be published, the public can judge it, and then if the public hates it and it is terrible and dangerous and bad (read: catholic lol), then (and only then) can action be taken against the book.
FUN NOTE TIME:
- Milton literally argues that going back over all the old literature and regulating all the new stuff would just be so much work guys. Like guys. Cmon. Look at that work. No one wants that. Let's not censor people because of the work load. THE WORK LOAD. guys.
- Sovereignty: by regulating the literature we can read, the state assumes we can't be trusted to judge what's good or bad by ourselves. If the state doesn't trust its citizens, are these citizens seen as any more than "fools or foreigners"?
- The morality of negating/disallowing a book. Milton argues a book has a kind of life, agency, and personhood. "Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are." Slaying a book, "the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life...slays an immortality rather than a life"
- Books have power to influence. Though he uses this simile to show their ability to influence badly, I loved it and am reclaiming it as out-of-context positive: "I know books are as lively and as vigorously productive as those fabulous dragon's teeth" Yes please.
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Oh, if only Milton knew what his name was used for now. He's always been a symbol of freedom (see Wordsworth's poem to him, Oscar Wilde's prison poem to Milton, too--although I'm not sure Milton would be thrilled to have his name used to defend homosexuals). If only Milton knew that this little pamphlet were to be used to defend atheism, pornography, and all other nonsense, all under the heading of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_en...
But Milton favored no such BS. I don't think Christopher H
Oh, if only Milton knew what his name was used for now. He's always been a symbol of freedom (see Wordsworth's poem to him, Oscar Wilde's prison poem to Milton, too--although I'm not sure Milton would be thrilled to have his name used to defend homosexuals). If only Milton knew that this little pamphlet were to be used to defend atheism, pornography, and all other nonsense, all under the heading of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_en...
But Milton favored no such BS. I don't think Christopher Hitchens and his ilk have actually READ Milton (they just name-drop smugly). Milton approved of banning Catholic writings, "popery," as he puts it, "that also which is impious or evil absolutely either against faith or maners no law can possibly permit, that intends not to unlaw it self."
So, Hitchens and his legion are stupid. I'll side with Milton on this--there are things you can allow ("those neighboring differences, or rather indifferences, are what I speak of, whether in some point of doctrine or of discipline, which though they may be many, yet need not interrupt the unity of Spirit, if we could but find among us the bond of peace.") but some things you cannot.
In fact, most of Milton's arguments are not arguments at all but are appeals to national pride, flying the flag of Wycliffe, and spitting on Catholics--referring to censorship as "Dominican," "Spanish," "papist," and any other names, referring explicitly to the Council of Trent. In other words, Milton says, you don't wanna be like THOSE guys, do you?
Milton's most famous passage is also rife with fallacy: "He that can apprehend and consider vice with all her baits and seeming pleasures, and yet abstain, and yet distinguish, and yet prefer that which is truly better, he is the true wayfaring Christian. I cannot praise a fugitive and cloister'd vertue, unexercis'd & unbreath'd, that never sallies out and sees her adversary, but slinks out of the race, where that immortall garland is to be run for, not without dust and heat."
He doesn't seem to take seriously the very reasonable concerns of the Presbyterians he's criticizing--he scoffs as if it were a simple matter.
"But on the other side that infection which is from books of controversie in Religion, is more doubtfull and dangerous to the learned, then to the ignorant; and yet those books must be permitted untoucht by the licencer. It will be hard to instance where any ignorant man hath bin ever seduc't by Papisticall book in English, unlesse it were commended and expounded to him by some of that Clergy: and indeed all such tractats whether false or true are as the Prophesie of Isaiah was to the Eunuch, not to be understood without a guide. But of our Priests and Doctors how many have bin corrupted by studying the comments of Jesuits and Sorbonists, and how fast they could transfuse that corruption into the people, our experience is both late and sad."
More to the point, "a wise man like a good refiner can gather gold out of the drossiest volume, and that a fool will be a fool with the best book." Is it really that simple, Milton? What is Milton's solution to this problem, to the spread of idiocy by idiocy (I'm thinking of that boor, Hitchens, again)? Simple, again! "And if the men be erroneous who appear to be the leading schismaticks, what witholds us but our sloth, our self-will, and distrust in the right cause, that we doe not give them gentle meeting and gentle dismissions, that we debate not and examin the matter throughly with liberall and frequent audience; if not for their sakes, yet for our own? "
So that's it? We just have to persuade them? How likely are they to be open-minded?
I'm in favor of something much like Milton favored--limited freedom of the press, no libel, etc.--but that doesn't mean you can just go saying how "brilliant" Areopagitica is. It's a speech, and much of its persuasion simply does not make sense to the people who most trumpet its merit today.
Why? Because Milton argues from a Biblical perspective that the best way to become virtuous is to be exposed to everything, to be ready for everything, to be aware of what you are up against. But even here he says stupid things in "Reason's garb" (Paradise Lost, Book II, line 226), such as "Good and evill we know in the field of this World grow up together almost inseparably; and the knowledge of good is so involv'd and interwoven with the knowledge of evill, and in so many cunning resemblances hardly to be discern'd, that those confused seeds which were impos'd on Psyche as an incessant labour to cull out, and sort asunder, were not more intermixt. It was from out the rinde of one apple tasted, that the knowledge of good and evill as two twins cleaving together leapt forth into the World. And perhaps this is that doom which Adam fell into of knowing good and evill, that is to say of knowing good by evill. As therefore the state of man now is; what wisdome can there be to choose, what continence to forbeare without the knowledge of evill?"
So if we can't get rid of evil, Milton, why bother writing a speech like Areopagitica? Why do anything, for that matter?
Milton is not one of us, not a 21st century North Atlantic snob, believing in nothing but freedom, in freedom as an end rather than a means. He attacks the established Church, of course, but this guy read the Bible in the original languages for fun. As a huge Milton fan, it bothers me to see him misused for causes which he hated. Milton has no sympathy for the atheist, who has no excuse (Romans 1-2). Milton is not interested in that; he is interested in finding the fastest road to virtue.
In
Areopagitica
, John Milton delivers a finely-honed argument in opposition to the
Licensing Order of 1643
, which restored strict censorship laws to England. Milton relies primarily on classical references; indeed, the title is an allusion to the Areopagus, a hill in Athens and the name of a council who sat in judgement on that hill. In a single word, Milton links the crux of his argument to the zeitgeist of Hellenic antiquity, which held a great fascination for learned individuals of the sevent
In
Areopagitica
, John Milton delivers a finely-honed argument in opposition to the
Licensing Order of 1643
, which restored strict censorship laws to England. Milton relies primarily on classical references; indeed, the title is an allusion to the Areopagus, a hill in Athens and the name of a council who sat in judgement on that hill. In a single word, Milton links the crux of his argument to the zeitgeist of Hellenic antiquity, which held a great fascination for learned individuals of the seventeenth century.
Milton's main argument concerns the fact that other societies, particularly Greece and Rome, did not employ censorship laws yet flourished nonetheless. In fact, Milton maintains that censorship represses society by stifling innovation and discourse and debate. He goes on to demonstrate that even if one could find incorruptible, pure jurors to study potential works for publication, it would still be a very daunting and unfeasible task.
In addition to his classical references, Milton draws heavily on supporting evidence in the Bible. This method of attack also underscores an important difference between Milton's perspective on "free speech" and what we con temporarily associate with "free speech." Milton's primary concern is the search for knowledge; he's interested in the Truth as an expression of divine purity. As a result, Milton isn't opposed to censorship outright--he remarks, for instance, that books may be burned
after
publication should they be deemed unfit for public consumption. Rather, Milton merely advocates against
pre-judging
a work before the public has a chance to judge.
Almost four hundred years old now,
Areopagitica
is nonetheless still a very relevant document today. Its name, and Milton's very academic tone, may deter some people from trying to read it. However, it's pertinent to several issues in modern culture--freedom of speech is one, as noted above, and it also pertains to the ongoing debate over the role of copyright in digital media. While copyright and censorship are distinct devices, both share in common the need to have
control
over a work; both, as Milton points out with regards to the latter, have the potential to harm a society even as they supposedly work to protect it. By understanding historical attitudes toward censorship, I have a better respect for the nuances of the issues we face today.
As an argument,
Areopagitica
is intriguing and valuable. As a composition, it's masterful. Milton employs a very stable structure with a clear introduction, in which he outlines the shape of his argument. In addition to his use of allusion, he goes out of his way to compliment his audience--i.e., the Parliament of England--always punctuating his arguments with, "And surely esteemed men such as yourselves" and so on. This is not a loud-mouthed soapbox rant but a very rational work of art, and that's what makes it so powerful.
Although I enjoyed almost all of
Areopagitica
, there is one part where I must disagree with Mr. Milton--that is, I would argue that one of his points is flawed. As he approaches the end of his speech, Milton opines for freedom of religion--save popery and superstition,
obviously
, or any such practices as may be deemed harmful to society--those religions should be "extirpated". He never gives any indication of
who
may determine what types of religious practice society may tolerate. Since Catholicism is only recently overthrown in England (a few decades is brief compared to its long reign before Henry VIII's intercession), England is no stranger to religious upheaval. It's almost a betrayal of one of Milton's earlier points, where he argues that even the best-intentioned of men may not be able to adequately judge the suitability of a work for print--here he seems content in young Protestantism's ability to judge if a religion is acceptable or not.
It's very interesting reading rational works by religious authors from previous ages, now that we're in an increasingly secular era. Biblical allusions can be a powerful ally, but religions have also been overused for justification of a myriad of Very Bad Ideas. It's a fine line these authors walk; Milton walks it with great skill.
Areopagitica
is an excellent piece of rhetoric--a well-reasoned argument can be a pleasure to read, or to listen to, as the case may be.
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Brilliant pamphlet in defense of free speech. Some of my favorite quotes include:
"I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary, but slinks out of the race, where that immortal garland is to be run for, not without dust and heat."
"For books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy
Brilliant pamphlet in defense of free speech. Some of my favorite quotes include:
"I cannot praise a fugitive and cloistered virtue, unexercised and unbreathed, that never sallies out and sees her adversary, but slinks out of the race, where that immortal garland is to be run for, not without dust and heat."
"For books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them."
"As good almost kill a man as kill a good book: who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were, in the eye."
"And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play on the earth, so Truth be in the field, we do injuriously by licensing and prohibiting misdoubt her strength. Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse in a free and open encounter?"
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Notable lines from the speech:
He that can apprehend and consider vice with all her baits and seeming pleasures, and yet abstain, and yet distinguish, and yet prefer that which is truly better, he is the true warfaring Christian.
. . . here the great art lies to discern in what the law is to bid restraint and punishment, and in what things persuasion only is to work.
They are not skilful considerers of human things, who imagine to remove sin by removing the matter of sin.
A man may be a heretic in
Notable lines from the speech:
He that can apprehend and consider vice with all her baits and seeming pleasures, and yet abstain, and yet distinguish, and yet prefer that which is truly better, he is the true warfaring Christian.
. . . here the great art lies to discern in what the law is to bid restraint and punishment, and in what things persuasion only is to work.
They are not skilful considerers of human things, who imagine to remove sin by removing the matter of sin.
A man may be a heretic in the truth; and if he believes things only because his pastor says so . . . without knowing other reason, yet the very belief be true, yet the very truth he holds becomes his heresy.
We boast wisely our light; but if we look not at the sun itself, it smites us into darkness.
And though all the winds of the doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength.
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"Who kills a man kills a resonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were in the eye. Many a man lives a burden to the earth; but a good book is the precious life-blood of the master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. 'Tis true, no age can restore a life, where of perhaps there is no great loss; and revolutions of ages do not oft recover the loss of a rejected truth, for the want of which wh
"Who kills a man kills a resonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were in the eye. Many a man lives a burden to the earth; but a good book is the precious life-blood of the master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. 'Tis true, no age can restore a life, where of perhaps there is no great loss; and revolutions of ages do not oft recover the loss of a rejected truth, for the want of which whole nations fare the worse."
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In mid-17th century England, the re-institution of a priori pubishing “licensure” was met with John Milton’s entreaty for free expression in
Areopagitica
. The Licensing Act of 1643 created 20 Licensers or Censors who would read all prospective published material in England and decide what was fit to be read (and, more importantly, what was not).
Milton is a religious man of letters and his arguments are infused with appeals to the Divine and the human ability to
The Iron Yoke of Outward Conformity
In mid-17th century England, the re-institution of a priori pubishing “licensure” was met with John Milton’s entreaty for free expression in
Areopagitica
. The Licensing Act of 1643 created 20 Licensers or Censors who would read all prospective published material in England and decide what was fit to be read (and, more importantly, what was not).
Milton is a religious man of letters and his arguments are infused with appeals to the Divine and the human ability to discern good from wicked ideas as we were donated this ability by our supposed Creator. In this vein, the arguments don’t resonate well with a modern secular reader. Most importantly, though, he argues for unfettered free expression and argument for its own sake. The alternative is a regression of our society into a less informed ward of the state, which History reminds us has never gone well.
If our innate human dignity is not sufficient argument, then the sheer logistics of pre-publication censure by a small group of fallible humans is the proverbial nail in the coffin to the censorious instinct. In 2015, this is still a great and powerful work. To no avail, of course, as the Licensure Act continued until its expiry in 1695.
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I will reluctantly admit that this is not for everyone, but MIlton's pamphlet written in defense of free press is something that everyone should read. Censorship is something that continues to affect our lives and our libraries, and even though Milton was not arguing against censorship in this work (and actually stated that he favored it, unsurprisingly given the times), every single one of his arguments can be easily and effectively applied as a denouncement of censorship, and the entire piece
I will reluctantly admit that this is not for everyone, but MIlton's pamphlet written in defense of free press is something that everyone should read. Censorship is something that continues to affect our lives and our libraries, and even though Milton was not arguing against censorship in this work (and actually stated that he favored it, unsurprisingly given the times), every single one of his arguments can be easily and effectively applied as a denouncement of censorship, and the entire piece reads as anti-censorship rhetoric. The language is beautiful. Every book lover can find at least one quote that speaks to them and the importance that reading has in their lives. Yes, it was written in 1644 and the writing shows that, but give it a real chance, and you may be surprised.
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"For books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them. I know they are as lively, and as vigorously productive, as those fabulous dragon’s teeth; and being sown up and down, may chance to spring up armed men. And yet … as good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Who kills a man, kills a reasonable c
"For books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them. I know they are as lively, and as vigorously productive, as those fabulous dragon’s teeth; and being sown up and down, may chance to spring up armed men. And yet … as good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Who kills a man, kills a reasonable creature … but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself …"
Despite all the beautiful prose, whole sections where Milton is comparing books to food and comparing books to life itself, I'm still not completely sure I understand the whole dang thing. This rhetoric was so complex, involved, and imaginative that I can't even begin to understand the nuances behind his argument. I love the part where he speaks on the testing of virtues and describes how choice is actually the virtue, not just doing good things; one has to consciously make the choice to partake
Despite all the beautiful prose, whole sections where Milton is comparing books to food and comparing books to life itself, I'm still not completely sure I understand the whole dang thing. This rhetoric was so complex, involved, and imaginative that I can't even begin to understand the nuances behind his argument. I love the part where he speaks on the testing of virtues and describes how choice is actually the virtue, not just doing good things; one has to consciously make the choice to partake in good and not evil. I'm getting Paradise Lost vibes already and it makes me excited.
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Justly famous for its most eloquent and learned defense of a free press, and liberalism in general (absolutely all of Mill's "On Liberty" is contained here), before the arrival of capitalism rendered such a defense morally bankrupt in the extreme, this pamphlet also contains, more curiously, the key to the meaning of Paradise Lost. Undoubtedly, ignorant Christians will always take Milton at his word when he says that the meaning of Paradise Lost is to "justify God's ways to man", but as soon as
Justly famous for its most eloquent and learned defense of a free press, and liberalism in general (absolutely all of Mill's "On Liberty" is contained here), before the arrival of capitalism rendered such a defense morally bankrupt in the extreme, this pamphlet also contains, more curiously, the key to the meaning of Paradise Lost. Undoubtedly, ignorant Christians will always take Milton at his word when he says that the meaning of Paradise Lost is to "justify God's ways to man", but as soon as one has read a single history of the time period, one realizes that this declaration is a bit more profound than saying, "God is da best." Milton lashes out in anger, of a sudden seemingly, at those who would render God culpable, on account of omniscience, for Adam's trespass; but, as Milton correctly points out, had God not given Adam free-will, with which either to stand or fall, Adam might as well have been a puppet in the shows, nothing really endowed with a rational faculty. Politically translated, Milton's defense of the Commonwealth, and, after the Restoration, the "Good Old Cause", which is to say, the existence of a revolutionary society of equals, based on active freedom rather than passive obedience, has a peculiarly Biblical origin. Milton understood Adam's fall to be the failure of freedom - but to rectify that failure, it is not passivity that is called for (as much as Jesus might incline you to believe so), but rather, in accordance with Reformation principles, more public freedom. The greater the freedom that exists in the public sphere, and therefore the more active we are in it, says Milton, the sooner everyone, and not just an exclusive class of intellectuals, will become a "prophet" and a "sage"! Hence, Paradise Lost, which constantly harps on the idea that rationality and freedom are "twinned", as he says there, is less about understanding God external as much as about God internal, for the "image" of God is reason, and books being perfect distillations of such reason, good books can possibly be accounted more valuable than certain individual lives; and so the securing of a free press, if we value human life, is our first moral duty, out of which the rest of morality follows. In sum, come for the liberalism, and stay for the philosophy of Paradise Lost lecture.
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This is a passionate defense of liberty by one of the greatest British writers. Here, Milton vehemently criticizes efforts by the crown to restrict free expression, arguing that such freedom was one of the great advantages Britain had over much of the rest of the world, since freedom permits healthy innovation and progress, while censorship brings stagnation or even decline.
That said, the style of the times was quite different from now, and this essay (or "speech") is difficult to read. It takes
This is a passionate defense of liberty by one of the greatest British writers. Here, Milton vehemently criticizes efforts by the crown to restrict free expression, arguing that such freedom was one of the great advantages Britain had over much of the rest of the world, since freedom permits healthy innovation and progress, while censorship brings stagnation or even decline.
That said, the style of the times was quite different from now, and this essay (or "speech") is difficult to read. It takes some patience, like Bacon's essays, but its arguments in favor of a free press are well worth reading.
Many great thinkers have been seduced, like Plato, into thinking that government censorship can prevent harmful ideas from taking root. But Milton was rightly more suspicious of the censors than of the books they were censoring, and feared that many good books would never be read because of the disapproval of some mediocrity in the government. He points to the sad persecution of Galileo, whom he met, as evidence.
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As a book lover, it’s difficult not to have a warm regard for Milton after reading this. His defense of free speech is both eloquent and persuasive. Drawing on history, philosophy, and religion, he puts forward multiple arguments for the free printing of books, all of which build upon one another, and almost all of which are still relevant today.
And, in addition to Milton’s compelling argument, we get his masterful prose. To many modern readers, I suspect this will be dense and hard to follow at
As a book lover, it’s difficult not to have a warm regard for Milton after reading this. His defense of free speech is both eloquent and persuasive. Drawing on history, philosophy, and religion, he puts forward multiple arguments for the free printing of books, all of which build upon one another, and almost all of which are still relevant today.
And, in addition to Milton’s compelling argument, we get his masterful prose. To many modern readers, I suspect this will be dense and hard to follow at first. Nonetheless, Milton’s writing style is more accessible than some of his contemporaries—like Defoe, Swift, Bunyan, Hobbes, and Locke—and far more lyrical. He uses his towering poetic abilities to good effect here, and many quotes are worth committing to memory.
To all lovers of books and the free circulation of knowledge and opinion, let us take our hats off to John Milton.
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This is really interesting, but I couldn't help but giggle as it descended into the olden day version of an Internet rant about the government, something's don't change and the government trying to screw us over still hasn't, there is some awesome quotes that are still relevant!
I can see why this was so popular in 18th century America (and most other places) -- Milton's elegant and thorough attack on censorship is based in an argument for the societal fruits of individual liberty.
Classic text on freedom of speech. Bottom line: there is a right to speak and a right to listen - both are equally important for a democracy to function. Highly recommended read.
Milton takes an almost libertarian approach to the issue of censorship, and though I didn't much care for his picking and choosing who gets the right of a free press (no Catholics allowed!), I thought his insight was ahead of his time. Marked by a passionate respect for books, Milton elevates the issue beyond censorship into a treatise on the importance of free will and moral responsibility. Eloquent, (it's Milton, after all) finely wrought prose, on a vital and interesting topic.
If I wished to convince someone to support freedom of speech and publishing, I would not offer up this work. Even if you read it in modern English, it's still a rambling piece without much order. Mill did a significantly better job in On Liberty. I don't disagree with Milton; indeed, a very good argument could very well be hidden in here, but outside of a few useful quotes I can't say it is worth the effort.
Very difficult to read but well worth the effort. Mr. Milton composed this treatise to defend the freedom of the press, freedom of expression and to declare that the government did not have the right to decide between 'improper' and 'proper' books under most cirumstances. Beautifully wriiten and powerfully persuasive.
One of the best books of its age. Defending open discourse against censorship, he calls on Democritus, Protagoras, Lucretius, Epicurus, and a host of others to defend innovative thinking against those who automatically suppress with prudish piety and fear of the different, of the new, and of the unknown.
I love Milton in general, but this one really hit home with me, having spent my teenage years in an oppressive environment that controlled all manners of learning, and reading books and talking about them in secret. John Milton, everyone: the revolutionary man's revolutionary!
A generally eloquent railing against literary censorship. Milton arguing that people have the right and responsibility to make their own moral choices after having gleaned all information available, not simply what the regulating bodies see fit for public consumption.
A tract supporting free speech written in England in 1644 to oppose a the Licensing Act that Parliament was debating. It was very influential regarding parts of our own constitution. It's difficult to read, but you'll probably be better for it.
Christopher Hitchens gave a wonderful speech and participated in a most excellent debate on freedom of speech which I've listened to/watched recently in which he referenced this text. I like Hitch, I like Milton, therefore I must read this text.
Given that my IQ is just little bit over the average, I found this tract quite challenging. But with multiple readings, it is possible to be understood.
The topic is relevant for anyone interested in intellectual endeavors.
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under
Oliver Cromwell
. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem
Paradise Lost
(1667), written in blank verse.
Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under
Oliver Cromwell
. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem
Paradise Lost
(1667), written in blank verse.
Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day. Writing in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime, and his celebrated Areopagitica (1644)—written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship—is among history's most influential and impassioned defenses of free speech and freedom of the press.
William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author," and he remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language," though critical reception has oscillated in the centuries since his death (often on account of his republicanism). Samuel Johnson praised Paradise Lost as "a poem which...with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind," though he (a Tory and recipient of royal patronage) described Milton's politics as those of an "acrimonious and surly republican".
Because of his republicanism, Milton has been the subject of centuries of British partisanship.
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“For books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.”
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“A good book is the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life.”
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