Here is, to quote the eminent historian Nathan Irvin Huggins, “one of the finest American autobiographies written in this century.” Born in 1871 in Jacksonville, Florida, James Weldon Johnson began his career as a high-school principal. He went on to attain success as a songwriter on Broadway and as the compiler of the definitive
Book of American Negro Spirituals
. But he a
Here is, to quote the eminent historian Nathan Irvin Huggins, “one of the finest American autobiographies written in this century.” Born in 1871 in Jacksonville, Florida, James Weldon Johnson began his career as a high-school principal. He went on to attain success as a songwriter on Broadway and as the compiler of the definitive
Book of American Negro Spirituals
. But he achieved one of his greatest triumphs in 1912, when, under a pseudonym, he published
The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man
—a classic novel about a musician who rejects his black roots, a novel that is still in print today in multiple paperback editions. Johnson went on to be, from 1920 to 1930, the first African-American head of the NAACP, fighting tirelessly for the passage of a federal anti-lynching law. His life story is that of a truly remarkable man who triumphed over a system of institutionalized racism to become one of black America’s leading educators, men of letters, and reformers.
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Johnson (1871-1938) is most famous as the author of “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing,” but that is just the bright tip of his many accomplishments. Johnson was a school principal in Florida who opened the first public high school for African Americans, he was a journalist, lawyer, scholar, novelist (The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man), poet, a successful Broadway songwriter (with his brother who was the composer), an American consul in Venezuela and Nicaragua, the editor of ground-breaking anthol
Johnson (1871-1938) is most famous as the author of “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing,” but that is just the bright tip of his many accomplishments. Johnson was a school principal in Florida who opened the first public high school for African Americans, he was a journalist, lawyer, scholar, novelist (The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man), poet, a successful Broadway songwriter (with his brother who was the composer), an American consul in Venezuela and Nicaragua, the editor of ground-breaking anthologies of African-American poetry and Negro Spirituals, the first African American president of the NAACP, and a college professor. Not a bad resume, that, and a tremendously important American life and story, particularly for those who know little of what American life was like for African Americans between the start of Jim Crow and the start of the modern Civil Rights movement. For too many of us the timeline of American history has little to no knowledge of what happened between the end of Reconstruction and the Montgomery Bus Boycott and James Weldon Johnson is a significant part of the bridge between the two.
Growing up in Jacksonville he did as well in public school as one could do to at the time and after going to Atlanta University, first for what would represent a high school education and then as an undergraduate, he returned home to become the principal of the school at which is mother had been a teacher and that he had attended. In the summer he would travel to New York City and work with his brother and a friend on musicals, placing songs in Broadway shows and eventually producing shows of their own. He wrote poems, as well as songs, was friends with Paul Laurence Dunbar, worked with Flo Ziegfield, became an associate of W.E.B. Dubois, an acquaintance of Theodore Roosevelt, and many more political, literary, entertainment, and social reform figures of the era. His work at the NAACP was critical in two regards, dramactically expanding membership by organizing southern chapters of the group, and working with its dedicated team to promote anti-lynching legislation (mob violence was A-OK with southern conservatives and moderates as long as it was white on black, in the 60s when urban unrest meant black mobs in the street, it was time for some law and order and the rise of the Republican party in the South). It is worth witnessing in Along This Way the political landscape that had Republicans as the party of possibility for African-Americans in the first decades of the 20th century and the Democrats as the slammed shut door. Also worth noting, that the Jacksonville that Johnson grew up in and established himself as an edcuator, lawyer and journalist was not the same Jacksonville of the post-World War I era and beyond, when the nation, north and south, responded to African Americans patriotic participation in the War to Make the World Safe for Democracy with a backlash of locally supported and nationally tolerated terror that made communities like Jacksonville that had been limited but livable for African Americans into hostile, violently repressive communities of intolerance. (Segregation, like slavery itself, grew increasingly repressive and brutal over time, not less so.) Johnson’s family made a life and he made a start in the pre-World War I Jacksonville; he could not have lived and survived in the post-war Jacksonville.
But this national context is but a side benefit of this remarkable autobiography. Johnson, as his career would suggest, is a very good writer and this is an excellent personal history. The first half of the book is the best because there is a perspective in the recounting of his parents lives and his own education and development to manhood that connects the narrative as a whole. The second half, while ripe with significant accomplishments and characters, reads too much like a chronicle than a full reflection on his life work. He was not done with his work when he wrote Along This Way in 1933, but his life was cut short five years later by an automobile accident before he might have written with further perspective and insight on a life of profound significance and interest to American literary and political history. Still it’s an engrossing, enlightening story Johnson tells and it should be a must-read for anyone interested in 20th century American history.
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James Weldon Johnson was a high-school principal by age 21; spoke Latin, Spanish, French, and god knows what else; worked as a singer-songwriter and poet, Roosevelt diplomatic appointee and consul to Venezuela, the first Black man admitted to the Florida bar since Reconstruction, NAACP executive, ACLU activist, and sometime politician; he also did more than perhaps anyone else to bring government attention to the rate and causes of lynchings in the South in the early 20th century.
Johnson's an od
James Weldon Johnson was a high-school principal by age 21; spoke Latin, Spanish, French, and god knows what else; worked as a singer-songwriter and poet, Roosevelt diplomatic appointee and consul to Venezuela, the first Black man admitted to the Florida bar since Reconstruction, NAACP executive, ACLU activist, and sometime politician; he also did more than perhaps anyone else to bring government attention to the rate and causes of lynchings in the South in the early 20th century.
Johnson's an odd duck - both stridently radical and almost unbearably stoic, I sometimes wanted more than anything for him to smack the racists he ran into upside the head; heroically generous in his assessments of others, but armed with a cutting wit so subtle that sometimes I had to back up a paragraph or two to discover that he just shredded W. E. B. Du Bois or Henry Cabot Lodge.
His prose dawdles along a little, and sometimes it's obvious that he was writing for an audience of white liberals (not that there's anything wrong with those). Even though his autobiography isn't that intimate, it's still worth reading because of the breadth of Johnson's accomplishments.
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This is an important read for anyone wishing to explore the origins of the Black intellectual elite who led the United States to enlightenment after Radical Reconstruction. Like many of his class, James Weldon Johnson rose up from indentured servitude to exemplify the caliber of talent that was unable to contribute to American society due to the legacy of segregation.
An author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights acti
This is an important read for anyone wishing to explore the origins of the Black intellectual elite who led the United States to enlightenment after Radical Reconstruction. Like many of his class, James Weldon Johnson rose up from indentured servitude to exemplify the caliber of talent that was unable to contribute to American society due to the legacy of segregation.
An author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist, James Weldon Johnson was man of boundless talent. An essential read for anyone wishing to understand the Black Establishment at the dawn of the 20th century.
(The writing style is of its era, so the reading can be a bit challenging. And, as a format, autobiographies can wander.)
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James Weldon Johnson was an American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist. Johnson is remembered best for his writing, which includes novels, poems, and collections of folklore. He was also one of the first African-American professors at New York University. Later in life he was a professor of creative li
James Weldon Johnson was an American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist. Johnson is remembered best for his writing, which includes novels, poems, and collections of folklore. He was also one of the first African-American professors at New York University. Later in life he was a professor of creative literature and writing at Fisk University.
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